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Installation View, Ad Reinhardt, David Zwirner, New York, 2023
Installation View, Ad Reinhardt, David Zwirner, New York, 2023
David Zwirner is pleased to present an exhibition of work from the 1940s by Ad Reinhardt (1913–1967) at the gallery’s East 69th Street location in New York. Organized in collaboration with the Ad Reinhardt Foundation, this is the third solo exhibition of Reinhardt’s work at David Zwirner, following major presentations of his black paintings in 2013 and his blue paintings in 2017.
Reinhardt charted a unique and radically experimental path in his art during the 1940s, thrusting himself, from the outset of the decade, into the project of completely non-objective painting. While many of his contemporaries treated the canvas as a stage for depicting archetypal forms, mythic iconography, and the representation of the subconscious, Reinhardt pursued and achieved a degree of directness in his exploration of color, line, and form that would not be matched by his fellow American abstractionists until the end of the decade. As art historian Yve-Alain Bois notes: “Reinhardt was perhaps the only American artist in the forties … to understand what the real issues were at the time. In this sense … he was already (even before the fifties) an artist of the sixties.”1
1 Yve-Alain Bois, “The Limit of Almost,” Ad Reinhardt. Exh. cat. (New York: Rizzoli, 1991), p. 17.
Image: Ad Reinhardt, Untitled, c. 1940. © Anna Reinhardt/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, 2023.
Installation View, Ad Reinhardt, David Zwirner, New York, 2023
Installation View, Ad Reinhardt, David Zwirner, New York, 2023
Portrait of Ad Reinhardt, c. 1939. Photo by Harry Bowden
Portrait of Ad Reinhardt, c. 1939. Photo by Harry Bowden
"In its dissatisfaction with ordinary experience, the impoverished reality of present-day society, an abstract painting stands as a challenge to disorder and disintegration. Its activity implies a conviction of something constructive in our own time.”
—Ad Reinhardt, 1943
Reinhardt charted a unique and radically experimental path in his art during the 1940s, thrusting himself, from the outset of the decade, into the project of completely non-objective painting. While many of his contemporaries treated the canvas as a stage for depicting archetypal forms, mythic iconography, and the representation of the subconscious, Reinhardt pursued and achieved a degree of directness in his exploration of color, line, and form that would not be matched by his fellow American abstractionists until the end of the decade.
“Reinhardt's role throughout [the 1940s] was in the creation of the new style—a role once taken for granted, but now somewhat obscured by the more kinesthetic enthusiasms in recent years and his own redirection.”
—Martin James, Art News Annual
Among the works in this presentation are collages and gouaches from the early 1940s that signal Reinhardt’s ambitious progression and reaction against geometric order, which might surprise viewers primarily familiar with the artist’s later work. Art historian Martin James noted of this period: “The early ‘forties see a destruction or ‘breaking up’ of the geometry.”
Ad, Rita, and Anna Reinhardt in their apartment at 209 East 19th Street in Manhattan (single frame from a contact sheet). © 1991 Hans Namuth Estate, Courtesy Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona
Ad, Rita, and Anna Reinhardt in their apartment at 209 East 19th Street in Manhattan (single frame from a contact sheet). © 1991 Hans Namuth Estate, Courtesy Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona
The variety of approaches reflected in this presentation elucidate Reinhardt’s embrace of immediacy, the formal and material conditions of the support, and all-over compositional formats. Taken together, Reinhardt’s exuberant experimentalism during the 1940s stands as a testament to his vast and singular achievements in abstraction.
“Works of 1940—1941 clearly reveal the over-all quality that was to become a stylistic feature later in the decade, and Reinhardt may well claim to have been its earliest practitioner in its sheerly abstract form.”
—Martin James, Art News Annual
Artists’ session at Studio 35, April 1950, in Modern Artists in America, edited by Robert Motherwell and Ad Reinhardt © Center for Creative Photography, The University of Arizona Foundation. Courtesy the Ad Reinhardt Foundation. Left to right: Seymour Lipton, Norman Lewis, Jimmy Ernst, Peter Grippe, Adolf Gottlieb, Hans Hoffman, Alfred Barr, Robert Motherwell, Richard Lippold, Willem de Kooning, Ibram Lassaw, James Brooks, Ad Reinhardt, Richard Pousette-Dart. Photo by Max Yanvo
Artists’ session at Studio 35, April 1950, in Modern Artists in America, edited by Robert Motherwell and Ad Reinhardt © Center for Creative Photography, The University of Arizona Foundation. Courtesy the Ad Reinhardt Foundation. Left to right: Seymour Lipton, Norman Lewis, Jimmy Ernst, Peter Grippe, Adolf Gottlieb, Hans Hoffman, Alfred Barr, Robert Motherwell, Richard Lippold, Willem de Kooning, Ibram Lassaw, James Brooks, Ad Reinhardt, Richard Pousette-Dart. Photo by Max Yanvo
“Anyone who loves modern painting cannot get around Ad Reinhardt. You have to relate to him in some way or another.”
—Marlene Dumas, The Brooklyn Rail, 2013
Ad Reinhardt at the opening of his 1948 solo exhibition at Betty Parsons Gallery, New York. Photo by John Albert
Ad Reinhardt at the opening of his 1948 solo exhibition at Betty Parsons Gallery, New York. Photo by John Albert
Several works in this exhibition were featured in Reinhardt’s groundbreaking survey at the Jewish Museum, Ad Reinhardt: Paintings, on New York’s Upper East Side in 1966. Their presentation at David Zwirner’s intimate 69th Street space calls to mind the Jewish Museum’s galleries and serves as an homage to that pivotal exhibition.
Installation view, Ad Reinhardt works painted c. 1930s–1940s, on view in Ad Reinhardt: Paintings, Jewish Museum, New York, 1966
Installation view, Ad Reinhardt works painted c. 1930s–1940s, on view in Ad Reinhardt: Paintings, Jewish Museum, New York, 1966
Installation view, Ad Reinhardt, David Zwirner, New York, 2023
Installation view, Ad Reinhardt, David Zwirner, New York, 2023
“There was something very magnificent about his presence. It was one of those things where I felt shaken to my feet; that has happened very few times in front of very few people. That was Reinhardt.”
—Richard Serra, The Brooklyn Rail, 2013
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