This is not a studio, this is a studio!


By Julia Marchand

 

 

Portraits of studios and “a reverence for art”

A group of new paintings by the American artist Lisa Yuskavage is presented under the glass ceiling of David Zwirner’s Parisian gallery. These large-scale canvases focus on the theme of the artist’s studio and feature, through mise en abyme, the painter and her models, the painter as a model herself, the painter as a painter, and “paintings-within-paintings.” In short, the artist is taking us to places that feel undeniably familiar, since the motif of the artist’s studio has been a fixture in the history of European painting, and even earlier in that of Ancient Egyptian art. [1]  In making this traditional motif her own, Yuskavage (b. 1962) further articulates her “reverence for art,” pointed out by art critic Peter Schjeldahl in a 2001 article. [2]  The phrase emphasizes the fact that she seems to have voraciously taken in the lessons of the medium of painting, as well as the questions that it raises: How to reveal the abstract substance of a figurative painting? How to turn colors into extreme and soft personifications? And, above all, how to institute a silent, enigmatic atmosphere, relinquish actual models in favor of mental ones, and set the stage for the artist’s personal history of painting? These challenges seem to characterize Yuskavage’s work over nearly thirty years and have now reached another level. Rendez-vous is not only the artist’s first ever exhibition in Paris, but also an opportunity to consolidate her approach of figurative painting, all the more so because the French capital was home to many of those whom she references. Yuskavage has shown reverence to Gustave Courbet, Henri Matisse, and George Braque, whose very names pleasantly entice the art lovers that we are. 

 

Unruly reverence and the nineties


However, exploring a variety of genres, secrets, and techniques taken from the great tradition of painting has proven to be a quite unruly journey. First and foremost because the artist, who grew up in Philadelphia, embraced figurative painting in the 1990s, when the medium was far from essential to the issues animating the art scene. Back then, the work of the circle of North American figurative painters did not really intersect with the current narratives, which centered on identity politics. Although she had high-profile partners in crime—like the painter John Currin—Yuskavage trod the path of figurative painting with an unruly kind of reverence, somewhat surprisingly. When she moved to New York at the tail end of the 1980s, after completing her training at the Yale School of Art, the artist discovered artistic strategies that used infantilization and “the abject” to spark critical thinking.[3] In effect, vulgarity and humor infiltrated art and narratives, reconfiguring expectations about what is art and what isn’t. Similarly, visual material taken from popular culture was added to a wider, more established cultural and artistic arsenal. Yuskavage has identified the latent artistic potential of erotic magazines (Penthouse) and interior design catalogs (Laura Ashley), translated to great effect into arresting lighting and ambiances. She has also pointed out the ability for artworks to hold and harness an energy that can go beyond their own subject matter and trouble their viewers. The theme of a figurative painting, thus, is no longer its sole subject. A female model, fully nude or not, is merely the pretext for a painting: the artwork is, in fact, a non-naturalistic matter of light and color aiming at translating a mood, or rather, a spirit. The Bad Babies series (1991–1993) exemplify this daring conception: the paintings feature impudent yet haggard adolescents standing in the middle of the canvases, surrounded by intense monochromatic auras that hint at the pictorial technique of sfumato. These “portraits of beings of colors” also make reference to color field painting, another sign of Yuskavage’s inclination to take in the lessons of art history while exhibiting a kind of rebellious audacity. The artist’s Bad Babies were “definitely intended as an attack on the viewer,” with Yuskavage as “the viewer at ground zero.” The equation of sfumato + pubertal angst + dazed look + color field painting seems to cogently—and fiercely—describe Yuskavage’s erudite and unruly approach. All in all, her work showcases a true “reverence for art” on several levels and effortlessly navigates between the high and the low as deftly as a theorist. 

 

 

An inner sense of reverence: Lisa Yuskavage looking at Lisa Yuskavage

 

For the last two years, one inward movement of reverence has become more pronounced: that of Lisa Yuskavage looking at Lisa Yuskavage. The referential system unfurls from within. Here lies the key innovation that her latest works evince: the artist is facing her professional history and her thirty-year career. In The Artist’s Studio (2022), she summons paintings from her early beginnings: the foundational, if tumultuous, The Ones That Don’t Want To: Bad Baby (1991) is visible within the new painting. However, its central youthful figure—who used to be immersed in pink—has stepped out of the canvas, becoming both the model and the allegory of the artist. This “Pink Bad Baby” looks at us with her distinctive awkwardness and cute boldness, her fist unclenched, in a relaxed posture, half-reclining on a chair with one arm, and maintaining a rapport with color. A painting appears behind her, seemingly a work in progress. This “painting-within-a-painting” ties in with previous works in which—a supernatural, vibrant, troubling shade of—green was used to unify an imaginary landscape inhabited by nymphs and peasant figures (Triptych, 2010–2011, and Bonfire, 2013–2015). Color also creates spatial divides, setting against each other two different topoi of artists’ studios: a space of obvious poverty versus a space of phantasmatic greatness. Grisaille is used for the top part of the canvas, injecting a bohemian spirit of sorts into the representation of the attic-like studio, bringing to mind Henri Matisse’s Studio Under the Eaves (1903) and Adolfo Hohenstein’s set design for “La bohème”,  (1896). The central and lower parts of the painting open to an autofictional dimension in a continuation of the “immense dream” that the artist’s studio represents, something that the poet Louis Aragon laid bare in his description of Gustave Courbet’s The Painter’s Studio (1854–1855): “Above this inexplicably strange gathering, look into the depths of the studio, towards the ceiling, the poverty and the greatness that transform all of that extant reality into an immense dream.” 

Big Flesh Studio (2022) is yet another entry in this series of mises en abyme: our gaze notices fragments of Yuskavage’s life as a painter as well as the definitely troubling presence of two models who have escaped from their canvases and stand in the foreground. Free from any “frame,” one has removed herself from Life Model on Fur (2021), a work that is on view in the second room of the exhibition. She seems to be silent and to not be paying attention to the action behind her: the artist herself is at work, turning her back to the viewer. Acting as the protagonist of her own story, the model sitting on fur poses as if imitating her soon-to-be variant. In her capacity as a recurring motif, she has also been subjected to a kind of pictorial stuttering or repetition: she inhabits both In Braque’s Studio (2010) and Braque’s Studio (2010).

In Golden Studio (2023), a pair of beaded underwear almost goes unnoticed among the abundance of symbols on the canvas: this iconographic density tells a story in its own right—including the colorful papers taped on the wall that refer to Josef Albers’s teaching methods. The panties are meant to be more enigmatic, but they are eminently pictorial as well, incorporating many transparencies, reflections, textures, and contrasts, recalling the panties-turned-nature-morte from Half-Family (2003) and Couch (2003). Besides, the time-traveling garment has brought the model along: the human figure from Couch still seems lost in her thoughts, but no longer stares directly at the artist and the viewer. What is she gazing at if not space? Is she aware of the memory of painting and all its possible iterations? Or is she dreaming about the possibility of her disappearance? And could we simply talk about an artwork that is aware of its own trajectory? 

 

 

The human figure does not exist

 

Yuskavage claims and defends the idea of making “synthetic” images: “I am really interested in making strongly synthetic pictures that are banging together things from many different places. In the new works, my own history is a part of that.” That is, in fact, the very task of the “artist’s studio painting,” where the artist deploys self-citation and playfully layers different levels of reality and fiction, as with Courbet in The Painter’s Studio or Matisse in The Red Studio (1911). When it comes to human figures, the issue is less easy to address. They appear as fictional presences, instances of stuttering and mental images at the same time, full-bodied, comely featured models, a nod to Yuskavage's personal history.[4] The human figure is the cornerstone of the artist’s use of color, which integrally supports personification in her work, and of light, which enables and defines her approach of artificiality. Even when she makes one of her close friends pose for her, she privileges the pictorial dimension: “Kathy felt very material.” [5] In the same way, when the original source seems to come from an unconscious image, like a reminiscence of a Rorschach test, it can fade to leave room for a “staging where the main protagonist is the color”, she says in reference to the twins framing the central scene of Bonfire. These figures are firmly set in a chromatic landscape that whets our appetite for the fantastical. The motif of breasts elicits a similar visual voracity; in the same vein, Yuskavage once noted that Paul Cézanne did not paint apples you might want to eat, rather, he painted apples you want to look at. In the end, the human figure does not exist—this was already whispered to us by the artist, bold, cheeky, and defiant as a Bad Baby: “There is no lady in the painting, it is paint. It is a painted thing!” [6] Tit Tondo (2021) and Darling (2021), exhibited with other smaller canvases in the second room, are the artist’s apples/breasts.

The logical question, then, is if the paintings in the first room of the exhibition depict artists, studios or not. They undeniably form a series of self-portraits, portraits in color and of color, whose many and varied pictorial languages are like many temporal and narrative hints scattered on the canvases. The enigmas that they offer rely on the sporadic presence of the artist as the artist. Yuskavage’s self-representation is, perhaps, the only motif that contains the possibility of instituting the depiction of a silent, “resuscitated” studio.[7] That is to say, the unique moment that takes place right after the lights are turned off and everybody has left the room:  

“When you start working, everybody is in your studio—the past, your friends, your enemies, the art world, and above all, all your ideas—all are there. But as you continue painting, they start leaving, one by one, and you are left completely alone. Then, if you are lucky, even you leave.” [8]

 


[1]  Alice Bellony-Rewald and Michael Peppiatt, Imagination’s Chamber: Artists and Their Studios (Boston: Little, Brown, 1982).
[2] Peter Schjeldahl, “Girls, Girls, Girls,” The New Yorker,  January 7, 2001.
[3] In an interview with the artist Mary Weatherford, Lisa Yuskavage remembered her encounter with Mike Kelley’s work in 1990, which engaged with infantilization (such as his 1990 Nostalgic Depiction of the Innocence of Childhood): “I was really inspired by the abject. I wondered, ‘How can I make paintings with that spirit?’ I wanted to figure out a way to make paintings that embodied that intimate knowledge of the low.” Lisa Yuskavage and Mary Weatherford, “The Art of Watercolors, or, A Hundred of Bird Singing at Dawn,” in Lisa Yuskavage Wilderness (New York: Gregory R. Miller, 2020),  49. For further reading about infantilization and adolescence as critical perspectives, see the upcoming publication: Morgan Labar, La gloire de la bêtise : régression et superficialités dans les arts depuis les années 1980 (Dijon: Les Presses du Réel, 2023).
[4] Lisa Yuskavage worked as a model during her student years at the Yale School of Art, which provided her with intimate knowledge of the subject.
[5] In an interview with Katy Siegel, Yuskavage explained why she called upon her childhood friend Kathy to pose for several paintings: “I thought that if I was going to have a living person pose for me, it shouldn’t be a random person, it would have to be someone profoundly integral to my imaginations. Working with Kathy felt very material.… [E]very part of her image was very, very loaded as material, for me.” “Lisa Yuskavage andKaty Siegel: A Conversation,” in Lisa Yuskavage The Brood: Paintings 1991–2015 (New York: Skira/Rizzoli, 2015), 71.
[6] This quote from the artist is about her work and that of Courbet; it also explains Yuskavage’s position in regard to female nude figurative painting. The fact that she conceives of painting “as a thing”—and not as an obvious narrative and a means of representation—traces back to her formative years at the Yale School of Art under the supervision of Stephen Greene, a former student and a friend of Philip Guston. The quote also echoes the often-controversial discussion that took place in the 1990 and 2000s on the issue of female bodies being subjected “to the lascivious male gaze,” potentially leading to even more contempt. Certain art critics (and Catherine Lord in particular) have emphasized the fact that Yuskavage’s painting is primarily an affair between women and paint, which effectively includes the female spectator in the process—a feminist, queer, lesbian, and/or heterosexual spectator—and therefore the artist herself. Ibid.
[7]  “Resuscitated” refers to a quote by Matisse about his own work The Red Studio (1911): “This red is like a warm night in which an intense light, coming from the window on the left, creates or rather resuscitates the other objects.”
[8] Philip Guston, quoting John Cage, Collected Writings, Lectures, and Conversations (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011).

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