Exceptional Works: Dan Flavin

untitled (to Tina and Christoph and their Palladio), 1972-1973

cool white and warm white circular fluorescent light 
Four cornered sections, heights variable

Dan Flavin, April 30, 1966. Photo by Fred W. McDarrah/MUUS Collection via Getty Images

Dan Flavin, April 30, 1966. Photo by Fred W. McDarrah/MUUS Collection via Getty Images

With the simplest of elements, Dan Flavin (1933–1996) produced a body of work that changed the course of twentieth century art. Using commercially available fluorescent lamps to create installations (or “situations,” as he preferred to call them), Flavin created light constructions that literally establish and redefine space. For Art Basel Unlimited 2024, the gallery is pleased to present untitled (to Tina and Christoph and their Palladio) (1972–1973).

Executed early in Flavin’s career, untitled (to Tina and Christoph and their Palladio) is a prime example of his approach to conceptualizing, activating, and transforming space with light and color—strategies that would become highly influential to his peers as well as subsequent generations of artists.

This work was recently presented in Dan Flavin / Donald Judd: Doha, curated by Michael Govan at Qatar Museums Gallery – Al Riwaq, Doha, in 2023. A related work, untitled (to a man, George McGovern) 2 (1972), is currently on view in the major exhibition Dan Flavin. Dedications in Lights at Kunstmuseum Basel.

Installation view, Dan Flavin / Donald Judd: Doha, QM Gallery – Al Riwaq, Doha, 2023

Installation view, Dan Flavin, untitled (to a man, George McGovern) 1 and 2, 1972, Kunstmuseum Basel, 2024

Installation view, Dan Flavin, untitled (to a man, George McGovern) 2, 1972, Kunstmuseum Basel, 2024

 

In the early 1970s, Flavin began using circular fluorescent lights in his installations. Untitled (to Tina and Christoph and their Palladio) animates the four corners of a room with a vertical configuration of cool and warm white light. This work was first exhibited in 1973 in Cologne at the Kunsthalle Köln in Dan Flavin: three installations in fluorescent light.

This work is dedicated to the artist’s friends Katharina (Tina) and Christoph Sattler (an architect himself) of Munich, who shared an admiration of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580).

Installation view, Dan Flavin: three installations in fluorescent light, Kunsthalle Köln, Cologne, 1973.

Installation view, Dan Flavin: three installations in fluorescent light, Kunsthalle Köln, Cologne, 1973.

Christoph Sattler, Wohnhaus Jürgen Habermas, Starnberg, Germany, 1971–1972, (left); Dan Flavin, for the second floor room, Kunsthalle, Cologne, 1972 (right)

“In 1972, Flavin added the circular white fluorescent fixture to his vocabulary and deployed it in discrete figurations.... The dark corner, rarely used by other artists, was for Flavin a site of endless possibilities.”

—Michael Govan, “Irony and Light,” in Dan Flavin: The Complete Lights, 1961–1996, 2004

Dan Flavin, untitled, 1972

Dan Flavin, untitled, 1973

Dan Flavin, untitled, 1975

Dan Flavin, untitled, 1973

 

Throughout his career, Flavin experimented with the subtly chromatic and perceptual possibilities afforded by variations of white fluorescent light (cool white, daylight, warm white, and soft white). Flavin’s experimentations with white lights exemplify and distill—in this restricted palette—his minimal and conceptual approach, showing the varied and nuanced ways in which his light constructions activate the surrounding space. Untitled (to Tina and Christoph and their Palladio) features adjacent vertical rows of warm and cool white fixtures—a combination a critic once described as “peach-juice against paving-stones, if one had to define the two.”

Installation view, some cornered installations in fluorescent light from Dan Flavin to celebrate ten years of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, 1973

Installation view, some cornered installations in fluorescent light from Dan Flavin to celebrate ten years of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, 1973

“These circular lights have an almost dizzying effect when looked at directly, but the light they cast on the adjacent wall is a gentle apparition or ghost-like imprint that reflects off the wall, creating two different kinds of light—one material, the other disembodied.”

—Michael Auping, “Radiant Bones: The Church of the Phenomenal,” in Dan Flavin: Corners, Barriers and Corridors, 2016

Exhibition card for an exposition of cool white and warm white circular fluorescent light from Dan Flavin, Leo Castelli Gallery, New York, 1972

Flavin explored different combinations of whites in other circular installations from this period, for example the 1972 works untitled (to Seymour Knox and Gordon Smith), shown at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, in 1973, and untitled (to Debbie Hay, moving anyway), shown at the Fort Worth Art Museum in 1975.

Related works are held in international collections including the Stedelijk Art Museum, Amsterdam, where a major installation of circular fixtures was installed in 2012, and Dia Art Foundation, New York.

Installation view, untitled (to Piet Mondrian through his preferred colors, red, yellow and blue) and untitled (to Piet Mondrian who lacked green) 2, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, 2012

Installation view, untitled (to Piet Mondrian through his preferred colors, red, yellow and blue) and untitled (to Piet Mondrian who lacked green) 2, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, 2012

Installation view, Dan Flavin: Constructed Light, Pulitzer Foundation, St. Louis, 2008

Installation view, Dan Flavin: Constructed Light, Pulitzer Foundation, St. Louis, 2008

Installation view, David Zwirner, Paris

Installation view, David Zwirner, Paris

 

“One might not think of light as a matter of fact, but I do. And it is, as I said, as plain and open and direct an art as you will ever find.”

—Dan Flavin, 1987

David Zwirner at 
Art Basel Unlimited